The Class 10 is an important year in a student’s life and Maharashtra State Board Science 2 is one of the subjects that require dedication, hard work, and practice. It’s a subject where you can score well if you are well-versed with the concepts, remember the important formulas and solving methods, and have done an ample amount of practice. Worry not! Home Revise is here to make your Class 10 journey even easier. It’s essential for students to have the right study material and notes to prepare for their board examinations, and through Home Revise, you can cover all the fundamental topics in the subject and the complete Maharashtra State Board Class 10 Science 2 Book syllabus.
1. Distinguish between Glycolysis and TCA cycle.
Answer: The process of glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. A molecule of glucose is oxidized step by step in this process and two molecules of each i.e. Pyruvic acid, ATP, NADH2 and water is formed. Molecules of pyruvic acid formed in this process are converted into molecules of Acetyl-Coenzyme-A. Two molecules of NADH2 and two molecules of CO2 are released during this process. Meanwhile, in TCA, both molecules of acetyl-CoA enter the mitochondria. A Cyclic chain of reactions known as a tricarboxylic acid cycle is operated on it in the mitochondria. Acetyl part of acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized during this cyclical process and molecules CO2 , H2 O, NADH2 , FADH2 are derived. Know more about the differences between Glycolysis and TCA cycle here.
2. Fibres are one of the important nutrients. Give scientific reason.
Answer: Fibres are one of the important nutrients, because even if they are indigestible, they help us in the digestion of food. They help to process food and absorb nutrients. They help with digestion of undigested food items, which is why you are asked to have fibre rich food during constipation. Leafy vegetables and cereals are good sources of fibres.
3. How do all the life processes contribute to the growth and development of the body?
Answer: Life processes are essential for survival as well as for proper development and maintenance of the body. Crucial life processes include excretion, respiration, nutrition, movement and differentiation and more. All these functions operate together for the growth of the body. Nutrition is the process by which the body absorbs the required nutrients for the cells to function properly. Respiration in the meantime is for burning of food and exchange of gases.
4. What is respiration? How does it occur?
Answer: Respiration takes place at two levels in living organisms, as body and cellular level. During respiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between body and surrounding in case it occurs at body level. Meanwhile, in case of respiration at the cellular level, foodstuffs are oxidized either with or without the help of oxygen.
5. What happens to the excess of amino acids obtained from proteins?
Answer: Extra amino acids that are obtained from the proteins are not stored in the body, but are broken down and the ammonia formed is eliminated out of the body. In case of need, excess proteins are also converted to other useful substances such as glucose using the gluconeogenesis process.
6. What are Lipids? Where are they stored and how do we obtain them?
Answer: Lipids are the substances that are produced by the specific chemical bond between fatty acids and alcohol. By digestion of lipids we mean their conversion into fatty acids and alcohol. Fatty acids are absorbed up and distributed everywhere within the body, leading the different cells to produce various substances necessary for themselves. Ex. The molecules called phospholipids, which are essential for producing plasma membranes. They are formed from fatty acids. We get 9 KCal of energy per gram of lipids. Meanwhile, the excess lipids are stored in the adipose connective tissue of the body.
7. Why is water an essential nutrient for us?
Answer: Our body consists of nearly 65% to 70% water and each cell contains 70% water weight by weight. Meanwhile, the blood-plasma also contains 90% of water. It is seen that the functioning of the cells and thereby the entire body is disturbed when the body loses water. Therefore, water is an essential nutrient.
8. What is mitosis and meiosis? What are its differences?
Answer: Mitosis and Meiosis are the two types of cell division. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells and stem cells of the body, whereas meiosis occurs in germ cells. Learn about the differences between mitosis and meiosis from here.
9. Write a short note about ATP.
Answer: ATP or the Adenosine triphosphate is an energy-rich molecule and energy is stored in the bonds by which phosphate groups are joined to each other. These molecules are stored in the cells as per requirement. Chemically, ATP is a triphosphate molecule formed from adenosine ribonucleoside consisting of a nitrogenous compound-adenine, pentose sugar- ribs and three phosphate groups. As required, energy is derived by breaking the phosphate bond of ATP. For this reason, ATP is called the ‘energy currency’ of the cell.